Git commands

Level 1 : Very basic one for git

Basic commands	What does it do
mkdir	Make new directory
cd	open current directory
cd ..	go back
ls	lists out all the files which are in working directory
ls -a	lists out all the files along with hidden files in working directory
git ls-files	lists out all the files which are in staged area
cat > file_name.extension	creates a new file and lets you add content in it ( it is followed by Ctrl + Z to stop taking input)
mv source-files destination-directory	moves specified files which are in current directory to the destination directory

Just like nano and notepad, we have a text editor vim. On Window, vim is a default text editor in git bash. Let's get started with vim

Before making our first commit, we run:

vim

in the terminal.

It starts in "normal mode". It has very few commands to remember and they are as follows :

Command (Press these keys)	Description
i	To insert/ type
Esc	To exit the editing mode and get back to "normal mode"
:w	To save our work
:q	To exit vim
:x	To save and exit at a same time

Git Commands	What does it do
git init	Adds version control to a particular working directory
git add	Sending files from working directory to staging area
git commit	Sending files from staging area to local repository
git status	To get the status of all the files
git status -s	To get precise status of files
git push	Moving files from local repository to remote repository
git clone	Create a new local repository from the remote repository
git pull	To get updated file from remote repository to local repository

Git commands with example files	Description
git add .	Adds all the files in working directory
git add *.txt	Adds all txt file
git add a.txt b.txt	Adds specific files

Git commands with example files (a.txt, b.txt)	Description
git commit a.txt b.txt	Commits the a.txt amd b.txt files. Commit by default is going to consider the files from staging areas. So you don't have to specify the file names.
git commit -m "This is a commit message"	While committing it's mandatory to give commit message
git commit -a -m "This is a commit msg"	If you want to add and commit a modified file then you can do both by using this command

Git commands with example files	Description
git config user.name "" git config user.email ""	This command will set user-name and email of current directory only
git config --global user.name git config --global user.email	All the commit changes made to a file in local repository will be stored under this user.name and user.email at global level i.e. this user name and email will be used for all commit changes for all repository
git config --list	To list out all git configurations - Will display configuration details which are at global level - We specially use this to find user name and email

Some specific commands of git log	What does it do
git log	Display's history of all the commits of our local repository
git log --oneline	Display one line commit of all the file history (This option is very helpful when we have a lot of commits and to identify commits based on message)
git log --help	to get specified information
git log file.txt	to see log info about a particular file
git log -n 2 / git log -2	-n option limits the number of commits to display. Here I have specified 2 so the latest two commits will be displayed over here.
git log -n 2 --oneline	display;s one line commit and last 2 commit
git log max-limit ="2"	This also does the same thing as git log -n 2
git log --grep="Pattern"	grep is used to search based on a given pattern in the commit message. Here the Pattern are those words which are in commit message
git log --decorate	To display meta information like branch name, HEAD, tag's information

To display commits from specific time/date :

Here after and since are same

To display all the commits till a specific time/date:

--until
--before

git log --before="4 days ago" will display all the commits till 2 days ago.

To display commits based on author:

--author =<pattern>

git log --author="Gautami" will display all the commits made by gautami